LIFE PROCESS CLASS X Part - 1

B0ARD BASED QUESTION FOR CLASS - X

       The maintenance functions of living organisms must go on even when they are not doing anything particular . Even when we are just sitting in class , even if we are just asleep , this job has to go on. The
processes which together perform this maintenance job are life process .
     
These maintenance processes are needed to prevent damage and break-down energy is needed for them.
This energy comes from outside the body of the individual organism. So there must be a process to
transfer a source of energy from outside the body of the organism i.e food , to the inside , a process
generally we call it nutrition. If the body size of the organism is to grow , additional raw material will also
be needed from outside. Since life on earth depends on carbon based molecules , most of these food sources are also carbo - based. Depending on the complexity of these carbon sources , different organi-
sms can then use different kinds of nutritional processes .

     Life process contains nutrition ( autotrophic , heterotrophic ) , nutrition in Human beings , process to obtain nutrition for organisms , respiration , transportation ( transportation in human beings , transportation in plants ) excretion -- excretion in Human beings and excretion in plants . Other topics will be followed one after another .

                                                                HOTS

• Movement of various types can be taken as an indication of life
• The maintenance of life requires processes like nutrition , respiration , transport of materials within within the body and excretion of waste products .

• Autotrophic nutrition involves the intake of simple inorganic materials from the environment and using an external energy source like the sun to synthesise complex high-energy organic material .
• Heterotrophic nutrition involves the intake of complex material prepared by other organisms.
• In Human beings , the food eaten is broken down by various steps along the alimentary canal and the digested food is absorbed in the small intestine to be sent to all cells in the body.
• During the process of respiration, complex organic compounds such as glucose are broken down to provide energy in the form of ATP . ATP is used to provide energy for other reactions in the cell.
• Respiration may be aerobic or anaerobic . Aerobic respiration makes more energy available to the organism .
•  In Human beings the transport of materials such as oxygen, carbondioxide , food and excretory products is a function of the circulatory system . The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels .
• In highly differentiated plants , transport of water , minerals , food and other materials is a function of the vascular tissue which consists of xylem and phloem .
• In Human beings excretory products in the form of soluble nitrogen compounds are removed by the nephrons in the kidneys .
• Plants use a variety of techniques to get rid of waste material. For example , waste material may be stored in the cell - vacuoles or as gum and resin, removed in the falling leaves , or excreted into the surrounding soil .

                                           
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